Hash Pointers
Hash functions are widely used in computer science and cryptography. They transform inputs into fixed-length hash values. Key properties of hash functions include collision resistance (difficult to find two different inputs with the same output), pre-image resistance (difficult to derive original input from hash value), and puzzle friendliness (output should be unpredictable).
Hash pointers are pointers in a data structure that include a reference to another part of the data and a hash of the pointed-to content. They are crucial in blockchain and other data structures for verifying information integrity. Working principle: contain data reference and hash value. Advantages: data integrity verification, enhanced security, and building immutable chains.
Block Header and Block Body
Block Header: Contains crucial information for blockchain integrity and security. Includes version, previous block hash (forming blockchain structure), Merkle tree root hash (representing transaction data), timestamp, difficulty target, and nonce.
Block Body: Contains actual data, typically a list of transaction records. In cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, it records currency transfers.
Together, block header and block body ensure blockchain network's transparency, security, and immutability.
Merkle Tree
A Merkle tree is a data structure used for data verification, integrity assurance, and parallel processing. In blockchain, it allows for verifying the presence of individual data elements without checking the entire dataset. Any modification to the data changes the root hash, revealing tampering. It is an efficient data structure for systems requiring high security and efficiency.
